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BPH is not cancer. In fact, part of the word benign indicates that it is not a malignant or cancerous condition. What makes this question tricky, however, is that both BPH and prostate cancer both occur with increasing frequency as men get older. So the two conditions, enlargement of the prostate and prostate cancer, eventually co-exist in a large percentage of men. While some studies have suggested an association between BPH and, say, prostate cancer, it’s not enough of an association for us to say that one caused the other.